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a timeline full of climate policy

Discover below the main developments in regards to Dutch climate policy

1972

The 1972 Verenigde Naties Conferentie over het Menselijk Leefmilieu first introduced the term 'sustainable development'. The conference also aimed to draw attention to increasing global environmental problems, such as growing amounts of waste, water and air pollution and the reduction of biodiversity.

1979

The first climate conference was held in Geneva in 1979. The World Meteorological Organization organized this meeting to better gather scientific knowledge about the climate.

1988

This conference also led to the creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 1988. This independent, scientific body informs the United Nations about climate change. The IPCC still exists today and consists of thousands of scientists from around the world. The IPCC's sixth, and thus most recent, report came out in 2021.

1991

In the 1990s, the Netherlands was internationally regarded as a leader in environmental policy. In 1991, it first made a commitment to reduce emissions: the amount of CO2 had to be reduced by 3-5% by 2020 compared to 1990.

1992

The 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) realized a global endorsement of the threat of climate change. The main goal of the treaty is to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions to prevent dangerous climate change. Starting in 1995, countries meet annually in the Conference of Parties (COPs) to further define the implementation of the treaty.

1995

The Derde Energienota not only formed the basis of the current Netherlands energy policy, with for example the liberalization of the energy market, but also set a new CO2 reduction target: stabilization in 2020 compared to 1990 levels.

1997

The international Kyoto Protocol was agreed upon in 1997. The Netherlands had to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by an average of 6% in the period 2008 - 2012. Up to half of this target was allowed to be achieved through reductions in other countries.

2005

In January 2005, the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) was launched. This was the first, major emissions trading system, with the goal of reducing emissions in Europe in a cost-effective way.

2007

The Balkenende-IV administration came up with a new climate ambition in the werkprogramma ‘Schoon en Zuinig’ (2007): 30% fewer greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 compared to 1990. This would preferably have to be arranged in a European context.

2015

With the Akkoord van Parijs (2015), the international community agreed, at COP21, to limit climate change well below 2°C and preferably limit the increase to 1.5°C.

2016

In 2013, partly due to society's desire to make energy supplies more sustainable, the Social and Economic Council of the Netherlands (SER) took the initiative to establish the Energy Agreement (2016). This agreement didn't include new emission targets, but did contain agreements for energy savings (100 petajoules by 2020) and renewable energy production (14% by 2020 and 16% by 2023).

2016

The Energierapport (2016) made the goals of the Energy Agreement official policy, along with the then-European ambition to reduce CO2 emissions by 40% by 2030 and by 80-95% at the European level by 2050.

2016

The Energieagenda (2016) outlined the contours of energy policy until 2050. For each "functionality" (low temperature heat, high temperature heat, power and light, and transport) a transition path towards 2050 was defined.

2017

The regeerakkoord van Rutte-III (2017) stelde dat het haar plicht was om alles te doen om de doelen van het Akkoord van Parijs te halen. Uit deze belofte volgde de ambitie om emissies in Nederland met 49% reduceren in 2030 ten opzichte van 1990.

2019

The 49% target was made law in May 2019 with the Nederlandse Klimaatwet. Hierin staat ook dat emissies in 2050 95% lager moeten zijn dan in 1990.

2019

The Rutte-III cabinet commissioned the creation of a societal National Climate Agreement. Meer dan 100 partijen kwamen in de zomer van 2019 tot een akkoord. In het akkoord staan meer dan 600 afspraken om het 49%-doel te realiseren.

2019

The Klimaat- en Energieverkenning 2019 analyseerde dat emissies in Nederland in 2030 met 35% zouden verminderen ten opzichte van 1990, met een bandbreedte tussen de 28% en 39%. Dit was bepaald aan de hand van klimaatbeleid dat per 1 mei 2019 vastgesteld en voorgenomen was.

2019

The European Commission announced the European Green Deal in December 2019. This package of policy initiatives aims to achieve climate neutrality across the European Union by 2050. The Green Deal seeks to align European climate policy with the Paris Agreement (2015).

2020

The Klimaat- en Energieverkenning 2020 analyseerde dat emissies in Nederland in 2030 met 34% zouden verminderen ten opzichte van 1990, met een bandbreedte tussen de 30% en 40%. Dit is bepaald aan de hand van klimaatbeleid dat per 1 mei 2020 vastgesteld en voorgenomen was.

2021

The European Climate Law, aangenomen in 2021, legt de doelstellingen van de EU Green Deal vast. Het stelt dat de EU in 2050 klimaatneutraal moet zijn en in 2030 haar emissies met minimaal 55% moet hebben gereduceerd ten opzichte van 1990.

2021

In July 2021, the European Commission presented a large package of climate measures called Fit for 55. Dit pakket focust op het halen van 55% emissiereductie in 2030 zoals geformuleerd in de Europese Klimaatwet. Het betreft aanscherpingen van doelen van het emissiehandelssysteem (EU ETS), voor niet-ETS emissies (ESR), emissies uit landgebruik (LULUCF), opwek van duurzame energie (RED), energiebesparing ((EED) en het belastingsysteem (Energy Taxation Directive). It also includes new targets for the use of sustainable aviation fuel (ReFuelEU Aviation Initiative), shipping (FuelEu Maritime Initiative) en een CO2-heffing voor producten buiten de EU (CBAM).

2021

The Klimaat- en Energieverkenning 2021 analyseerde dat emissies in Nederland in 2030 tussen de 38 - 48% zouden verminderen ten opzichte van 1990. Dit is bepaald aan de hand van klimaatbeleid dat per 1 mei 2021 vastgesteld en voorgenomen was.

2022

The coalitieakkoord van Rutte-IV (januari 2022) speelde in op de nieuwe Europese ambities van de Europese Green Deal. Het akkoord scherpt het reductiedoel voor 2030 aan tot ten minste 55%. Om dit doel zeker te halen, wordt beleid ontwikkeld wat ongeveer 60% emissiereductie in 2030 zou moeten behalen. Het emissiereductiedoel voor 2035 wordt 70% en voor 2040 80%.

2022

The Klimaat- en Energieverkenning 2022 analyseerde dat emissies in Nederland in 2030 tussen de 39 - 50% verminderd zijn ten opzichte van 1990. Dit is bepaald aan de hand van klimaatbeleid dat per 1 mei 2022 vastgesteld en voorgenomen was.

2022

REPower EU (2022) stelt nieuwe Europese doelen voor (1) energiebesparing (van 9% naar 13% in 2030), (2) opwek van duurzame energie (van 40% naar 45% in 2030) en (3) diversificatie van de herkomst van energie, voornamelijk voor aardgas.

would you like to learn more?

This was a summary of the topics covered in this deep dive. However, this deep dive is just the tip of the iceberg regarding climate policy. Find out in the next chapter what and how you can learn further. 

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